In this paper thermal spray nanocrystalline coatings were developed by devitrification of Fe-based AMORPHOUS PHASE. In this approach a new composition of Fe-Cr-Mo-P-B-C-Si AMORPHOUS powder was produced in solid state by mechanical alloying of elemental powder mixture. After optimizing the powder morphologies as well as the size distributions, some coatings were produced by high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) on carbon steel substrates. The PHASE transformations of coatings during devitrification were investigated by x-ray diffractometry (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that by carefully controlling the HVOF parameters and the rate of cooling, the AMORPHOUS PHASE could be crystallized in the controlled manner and the microstructures with fully AMORPHOUS and nanocrystalline PHASEs in the range of 10-20 nm were obtained. Therefore, these coatings will have the modified mechanical and tribological properties.

PHASE morphology, state of compatibility and various properties of blends of polycarbonate (PC) with bottle-grade and fibre-grade polyethylene terephthalate (BPET and FPET, respectively) were investigated. It was found that these blends have two-PHASE separated morphology with partial miscibility. Scanning electron micrographs revealed separated domains of PC-rich and PET-rich zones. PC domains appear spherical increasing in size from 2 mum for PC20/FPET80 up to about 5 mum for PC60/FPET40 blend. Further increase in PC content up to 80% caused PHASE inversion in which FPET appears as finely dispersed domains in continuous PC matrix. T0 of PC-rich PHASE decreased from 153 °C for pure PC down to 140 °C for PC20/BPET80. Similar trend was observed in PC/FPET blends. Also, T0 of BPET-rich blend increases from 90 °C for pure BPET up to 98 °C for PC60/BPET40. Melting temperature of PET remains practically unchanged with partial compatibility of the blends. Tensile modulus, yield strength and impact resistance of the blends conform to an additive blend properties. Blends show good chemical resistance properties. Viscosity ratio of PC to PET was about 4 to 6, suggesting ease of PC/PET processing in manufacturing process.

In this work the possibility of synthesis of nano crystalline NiTi intermetallic, directly by mechanical alloying (MA) or by crystallization of AMORPHOUS PHASE formed during MA, were investigated. MA process and subsequent heat treatments were performed for two types of elemental nickel and titanium powders. MA process was performed in a planetary ball mill under an argon atmosphere for 50h. The powders morphology, PHASE formation and amorphization were investigated by X-Ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. It is revealed that the shape memory NiTi intermetallic with nanometric size is the only component formed after crystallization of AMORPHOUS PHASE obtained by MA, and there was no any other undesirable component in the specimen structure.

In this study, a hydrothermal approach has been employed for the synthesis of copper antimony oxide films. Cu2Sb2O exhibits an AMORPHOUS PHASE prior to annealing and a polycrystalline PHASE (monoclinic structure) after annealing at temperatures ranging from 200 to 400oC, as showed by the XRD. The angles of 26.934o, 34.228o, and 38.362o correspond to the diffraction peaks (111), (211), and (311). High annealing temperature caused the film's lattice to reform and crystalize, which could cause cell ignition. The diffraction angles of the peaks moved higher because it was assumed that the annealing process affected the material. The unannealed Cu2Sb2O material displays small nanoparticles and a noteworthy nanoflake structure. Under different annealing temperatures, the nanoparticle's size increases when the film surface is ignited at higher pressure. When nanoparticle clusters were present during annealing, the material's surface energy increased. The absorption spectra displayed a consistent high rate of absorption between 200 to 600 nm, but showed a considerable decline beyond this range, with the minimum point noted between 700 to 850 nm. Yet it increased again between 980 and 1100 nm wavelength range. Light absorption is high in Cu2Sb2O, specifically in ultraviolet and blue regions. The film's absorbance increased from 0.145 to 0.185 a.u. when Cu2Sb2O was annealed at 200 °C. An increase in temperature from 200 to 400 °C caused an improvement in Cu2Sb2O's absorbance because of its susceptibility to temperature. The low reflectance of the films in both areas makes them ideal for both solar and photovoltaic cells. As the annealing temperature increased from 200 to 400 °C, the synthesized Cu2Sb2O film's bandgap energy decreased from 1.78 eV to a range of 1.66–1.21 eV.

In this present study, the mechanical alloying technique was used to the amorphization of Al80Fe20 system. The particle size, the thermal behavior, and the magnetic properties were investigated on the milled specimens in the different milling times. The performed tests on the milled specimens included the X-ray diffraction (XRD), determine the magnetic properties, and the Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results were shown that the milling time for the amorphization was 70 h, in this system. The peaks of DSC were demonstrated that the mechanical alloying caused to formation of the AMORPHOUS PHASE. It is noteworthy that increasing the milling time after 70 h caused to formation of the crystalline Al and Al3Fe PHASEs. In addition, the amorphization of used alloy at 70 h caused to decreasing the residual magnetism to 0. 11 T and improving the soft magnetic behavior.

This work is focused on the effect of AMORPHOUS SiO2 addition on the PHASE transformation and microstructural evolution of ZrO2 particles. Considering the structural similarities between the AMORPHOUS ZrO2 and its tetragonal structure, XRD results showed initial nucleation of metastable tetragonal ZrO2 from its AMORPHOUS matrix upon heat treatment. This metastable PHASE is unstable in pure ZrO2 sample and transforms to a stable monoclinic PHASE at around 600 oC. However, addition of AMORPHOUS SiO2 to ZrO2 structure causes metastable tetragonal PHASE to remain stable up to around 1100 oC. The temperature range for stability of metastable tetragonal ZrO2 structure increased from about 150 oC in pure ZrO2 particles to around 500 oC in ZrO2-10 mol. % SiO2 composite powders. A further increase in SiO2 content up to 30 mol. % did not change the stabilization temperature range but the average particle size reduced around 1. 6 times compared to pure ZrO2 particles. Stabilization of metastable tetragonal ZrO2 explained by constrained effect of SiO2 layer surrounding zirconia nuclei. The thickness of this SiO2 layer enhanced by increasing SiO2 content which limited the growth of ZrO2 nuclei resulting in finer particle sizes.

Additive manufacturing or 3D printing processes through which applicable complicated parts are directly made based on 3D model of the part has been extensively addressed in numerous research and development tasks for the past years. Certain merits such as decline of time, cost of design and manufacturing of product, processing different engineering materials, manufacturing parts with highly complicated geometries, and manufacturing customized parts should be noted in the case of adopting these methods. Indirect selective laser sintering is one of the interesting methods of integrated manufacturing which could be used for manufacturing of complicated pieces and certain materials such as ceramics with a high melting point and difficult manufacturing process through typical methods. In the present study, indirect SLS of spherical alumina powder particles with a thin layer of AMORPHOUS thermoplastic (PMMA and PS). In order to coat alumina particles with different weight percent of thermoplastic, the new method of PHASE Inversion process was used. Due to significance of geometry and dimensions of the final part, the least probable thickness of thermoplastic was used for manufacturing of parts based on SLS method. In the present study, evaluation of coating and method of coating have been discussed. The evaluative techniques include assessment through scanning electron microscopy, analytical results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Finally, green parts where produced based SLS method and through optimal values of laser parameters and selection of alumina powder particles with thinnest thermoplastic coating.

Nowadays, soft magnetic materials such as nanocrystalline and AMORPHOUS alloys with unique physical, mechanical and magnetic properties have attracted much attention. Recently, Fe-based AMORPHOUS alloys have been greatly developed due to their excellent magnetic properties and relatively low cost. In this study, effect of milling time on microstructure of Fe-C-Ta alloy prepared by mechanical alloying was studied. Besides, the possibility of glass formation was investigated according to thermodynamic calculations, performed based on advanced Miedema model. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results proposed that the fraction of AMORPHOUS PHASE enhances by increasing milling time up to 70 h, and then it becomes unchanged up to 90 h milling. Moreover, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results confirmed the formation of AMORPHOUS PHASE with a crystallization temperature of 678 K, after 70 h of milling. The thermodynamic calculations with respect to the advanced Miedema model revealed that the Gibbs free energy changes for glass formation (-42.35 kJ/mol) are larger than those of solid-solution formation (-28.5 kJ/mol) and consequently, the AMORPHOUS PHASE has a larger tendency to form after milling.